Drugs & Human Behavior 1 Practice Test

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• Which statement about variable ratio schedules is true?
• Anandamide is a lipid-based molecule that acts as an endogenous ligand of CB1 receptors.
• What is the function of GABA?
• What is Substance Abuse?
• Sensation-seeking traits are associated with increased risk to what?
• Researchers discovering that a antibiotic should be taken once every 8 hours for 4 days for the best effect with the least amount of side effects is an example of which concept?
• What is the Function of Norepinephrine?
• Which statement about excretion is true?
• Which of the following is a factor that determines the rate of elimination?
• What is the street name for amphetamines?
• What issues arise with norepinephrine imbalances?
• Lesions on the Supra-Chiasmatic Nucleus disrupt which functions?
• Opiate addiction causes lowered levels of what neurotransmitter?
• Hormones refers to what concept in the context of substance use?
• On the Drug Response Curve, what is the x-axis and what is the y-axis?
• What are conditioned withdrawal effects?
• Which personality traits are associated with drug seeking behaviors?
• Which schedule reinforces after a fixed number of responses?
• Situational and genetic predispositions play a role in whether someone will end up abusing drugs.
• Which factors play a key role in the Therapeutic Window?
• What is the function of Serotonin?
• Which of the following is a risky behavior linked to high sensation seeking?
• Which term best describes an interaction where two drugs together produce an effect greater than the sum of their individual effects?
• What is a teratogen?
• What is the street name for MDMA?
• Which neurotransmitter is the primary excitatory transmitter in the CNS and is involved in learning and memory?
• Serotonin imbalances can cause which disorders?
• What are the two natural compounds found in cannabis plants?
• Which statement best describes First-Order Elimination Kinetics?
• A negative linear slope is indicative of Zero-Order Elimination Kinetics.
• If there is positive evidence of human fetal risk but potential benefits may warrant use, this is categorized as?
• What best describes potency?
• Morphine and codeine are derived from which plant?
• What is addiction?
• Opiates are commonly used in medicine primarily for which purpose?
• Schedule V drugs are typically used for which purposes?
• Which of the following is an example of a Schedule III drug?
• What is Drug Tolerance?
• Which statement best describes Substance Dependence criteria?
• In pharmacology, what is the bolus?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between hedonic value and positive incentive value in Incentive-Sensitization Theory?
• Which statement describes Category A teratogens?
• True or False: Some drugs may be excreted in breast milk.
• What is the function of Endorphins?
• Anhedonia is defined as
• What are Schedule I drugs?
• What balance do the kidneys maintain in the body?
• Nicotine, Botulinum toxin, Curare, Atropine, and Barbiturates all impact which neurotransmitter?
• Which statement best describes potency in pharmacology?
• True or False: You get higher rates of responses in Interval schedules than Ratio schedules.
• What does the term 'synergistic' mean in drug interactions?
• Which of the following is a Schedule V drug?
• What is the function of Acetylcholine?
• Which statement about Acetylcholine is true?
• Which structure sends circadian signals to regulate bodily functions?
• Anandamide serves as an endogenous ligand for which receptor?
• What are Schedule II drugs?
• True or False: A drug affecting the brain requires crossing the blood-brain barrier.
• According to the material, what is the bolus?
• True or False: Teratogens only include prescription and illegal drugs and an over the counter drug cannot be a teratogen.
• Hydrophilic describes a drug that is attracted to what?
• The main structure responsible for regulating eating, drinking, body temperature, reproduction, emotional control, and the pituitary gland is the...
• Dry January is a public health initiative that encourages individuals to abstain from alcohol for the month of January after excessive holiday consumption.
• What is the ED50 on the Dose-Response Curve?
• How do you treat heroin addiction?
• Situational specificity has not been documented to have any effect on drug use or tolerance.
• What is contingent drug tolerance?
• Thalidomide mechanism involves inhibition of which process?
• Which statement about continuous reinforcement is true?
• Category D teratogens are defined as?
• Minor tranquilizers like Valium and Librium, as well as alcohol, impact which neurotransmitter?
• Imbalance of acetylcholine is associated with which conditions?
• The War on Drugs movement started in which decade?
• CBD and THC interact with which system?
• According to the material, what describes a vehicle?
• Dopamine is used by the CNS to support which function?
• Which factor among those listed can influence drug metabolism due to body composition?
• Fluoxetine (Prozac) and Hallucinogenics impact which neurotransmitter levels?
• Which disorder is caused by a lack of dopamine?
• What is conditioned drug tolerance?
• From which plant are opiates such as morphine and codeine derived?
• According to Incentive-Sensitization Theory, what happens to incentive value as drug use continues?
• Which of the following is true about Schedule I drugs?
• Procaine and Lidocaine are used as local anesthetics; they are derived from which illicit drug?
• A reinforcement that is delivered after a fixed amount of time has elapsed is characteristic of which schedule?
• Lipophilic describes a drug that is attracted to what substance?
• LD50 measure: LD50 is the dose lethal to what proportion of the population?
• Cocaine is the basis for synthetic analogues Procaine and Lidocaine used as local anesthetics.
• Which statement about the relationship between addiction and physical dependence is true?
• What was Chlorpromazine and why was it important?
• True or False: Addiction and physical dependence always occur together.
• True or False: Addiction causes changes in brain reward systems, motivation, cognition, and neural circuitry.
• What are the two main dopaminergic pathways?
• The brain structure that 'hugs' the rest of the limbic system is which of the following?
• Which gland receives signals from the SCN to regulate circadian rhythms?
• True or False: Addiction is not considered a disease by the NIDA.
• Where do the two dopaminergic neuron pathways in the midbrain project to?
• Thalidomide is described as ...
• Which statement best describes Zero-Order Elimination Kinetics?
• Where is the pineal gland located?
• Larger ventricles in the brain may be indicative of what?
• Depression of an enzyme system is caused by
• The Skinner box is a device used to study what?
• Which statement is true about psychoactivity in marijuana components?
• Which neurotransmitter is the primary inhibitory transmitter in the CNS and a major target for anti-anxiety drugs?
• The radiation emitted during chemotherapy would fall into which category of teratogen?
• Which of the following is NOT an injection route?
• Name the endogenous cannabinoid neurotransmitter.
• Which type of tolerance shows maximal effects in the environment in which the drug is usually taken?
• A curved negative slope in a concentration-time plot indicates which type of elimination kinetics?
• Which option lists the two kinds of ratio schedules?
• Who developed the Sensation Seeking Personality Scale?
• Which describes intermittent (partial) reinforcement?
• If the curve shifts to the right and the maximum effect is reduced, what is the drug interaction?
• Category B teratogens are defined as?
• Disulfiram (Antabuse) is used to treat
• Peter Dews is known for studying conditioning on drug behavior with animals using the Skinner box method. Which option best describes this work?
• PCP, Angel Dust, primarily impacts what neurotransmitter?
• A drugs response curve that reaches its median at a lower dose is considered more _______
• How does substance abuse hijack the brain's reward system?
• Which of the following best describes a secondary reinforcer?
• MDMA is commonly known by which street name?
• What issues arise with GABA imbalances?
• Which of the following is NOT part of the factors that influence the Therapeutic Window?
• Which describes drug interactions that can affect metabolism?
• What are psychoactive drugs?
• Which statement describes the relationship between Anandamide and CB1 receptors?
• Which statement best describes interval schedules?
• What issues arise from excess Glutamine?
• Which symptoms occur during the 5-6 hour phase of alcohol withdrawal?
• Which of the following is an example of a Schedule IV drug?
• What is the Supra-Chiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)?
• Cocaine use sensitizes which effects?
• Grapefruit can influence certain heart medications by altering how they are metabolized.
• Which schedule depends on time elapsed and can have variable wait times before reinforcement?
• Grapefruit, wine, and St. John's Wort have no noticeable impact on drug absorption or effectiveness.
• An overdose is more likely to happen in a novel environment for a drug user.
• What activity do stimulants increase?
• Drug addiction is a fairly new epidemic.
• Category X teratogens are defined as?
• Nicotine is an agonist at which receptors?
• Drug tolerance causes the dose-response curve to shift to the ______.
• Which category requires adequate, well-controlled studies in pregnant women showing no increased risk?
• Which organ is primarily responsible for metabolism of most drugs?
• Opium, heroin, morphine, and methadone are examples of ________.
• Afferent Neurons send information in which direction?
• During alcohol withdrawal, which event typically occurs 15-30 hours after quitting?
• The pineal gland is sensitive to light.
• What is the LD50 on the Dose-Response Curve?
• The pineal gland is absent in which animals?
• If adding Drug B to Drug A shifts the curve to the right, what effect does Drug B have on Drug A?
• Which statement correctly describes how addiction resembles other chronic diseases?
• Which structure actually creates dopamine?
• When a drug is suspended in an oil vehicle, the combination is called the bolus.
• Which brain region is central to autonomic and endocrine regulation and influences the pituitary gland?
• Which statement about Schedule II drugs is true?
• The hypothalamus is very sensitive to what neurotransmitter?
• NOT a diagnostic criterion for Substance Abuse Disorder within a 12-month period?
• In marijuana, which cannabinoids are psychoactive?
• Brain metabolism during mood episodes: which statement is most accurate?
• Which of the following is listed as a main factor determining the rate of elimination?
• Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?
• Category C teratogens are defined as?
• Teratogens are
• Which axis on the Drug Response Curve represents the magnitude of the response?
• Which factors influence the effect of teratogens?
• Nicotine is an agonist at which receptors?
• An agonist is a chemical that does what?
• What are Schedule III drugs?
• Which best describes the function of the pineal gland?
• Which option lists the two kinds of interval schedules?
• What is Extinction?
• If animal or human studies have demonstrated fetal abnormalities and the risks clearly outweigh potential benefits, this is categorized as?
• Do high doses of marijuana impair short-term memory and tasks requiring multiple steps?
• Schedule IV drugs are defined as drugs with
• Efferent Neurons send signals away from the CNS.
• First-Order Elimination Kinetics is characterized by which statement?
• Which molecule is an endogenous lipid-based ligand for CB1 receptors?
• PCP's pharmacological action involves antagonism of NMDA receptors, thereby affecting which neurotransmitter system?
• Cocaine psychosis can be precipitated by which usage pattern?
• Which factor relates to how long substances stay in the body and helps determine elimination rate?
• In Incentive-Sensitization Theory explains dependence as being driven by what?
• Which of the following is one of the four main factors that influence why some people abuse drugs while others do not?
• Which statement accurately reflects grapefruit interactions with medications?
• Which function is least associated with the nucleus accumbens?
• Delirium tremens typically occurs within which time window after quitting alcohol?
• What is the typical onset delay for an orally ingested drug?
• Which term best describes tobacco, alcohol, radiation, pollution, and certain infectious diseases as agents that can cause birth defects?
• By adding Drug B to Drug A, the curve shifts to the left. This indicates that Drug B had what effect on Drug A?
• Which behaviors are associated with higher sensation seeking scores?
• What is Cross-Tolerance?
• Which term best describes drugs that influence subjective experience and behavior by acting on the nervous system?
• Which statement best captures the core definition of addiction?
• True or False: A psychoactive drug can affect the brain without crossing the blood-brain barrier.
• How is the maximum dosage discovered in the animal testing phase?
• Which brain regions are activated by novelty?
• Tricyclic antidepressants and beta blockers are examples of drugs that impact _________
• Cocaine, Amphetamines, Meth, and Alcohol primarily affect which transmitter levels?
• What is a Primary Reinforcer?
• Alcohol increasing tolerance to benzodiazepines is an example of...
• What is the Novelty Effect?
• What does Physical Dependence Theory propose about drug dependence?
• Which function is primarily regulated by the SCN?
• Which organ is primarily responsible for metabolizing most drugs in the body?
• Which of the following is an example of a Schedule III drug?
• People with schizophrenia may show abnormal morphological changes to brain structures such as ________.
• The space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes is approximately how wide?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the main dopaminergic pathways?
• Serotonin imbalances are associated with which conditions?
• The War on Drugs started in the 1970s after servicemen from which conflict returned home with addiction issues?
• The pineal gland is sensitive to light.
• What are Pharmaceutical Synthetics?
• How many categories does the DEA divide drugs into and what determines which category they fall into?
• Which of the following is a route through which drugs can be excreted from the body?
• Excess of which neurotransmitter is associated with brain damage after strokes?
• About Substance Abuse Disorder time frame?
• Which drug is not a Schedule IV drug?
• What is the function of Glutamine?
• Which structure plays a crucial role in learning and the reward circuit in the brain?
• Delirium tremens can last up to how many days?
• Which disorder is caused by excess dopamine?
• Which drug class is known to impact norepinephrine signaling?
• Endorphins are most closely linked to natural analgesia and reward, and is affected by opiate use?
• Which theory attributes drug dependence primarily to withdrawal pain?
• True or False: Methadone lasts longer than Buprenorphine?
• Which two routes have the quickest route to the brain?
• Schedule V drugs are defined as drugs with lower potential for abuse than Schedule IV and consist of preparations containing limited quantities of certain narcotics. They are generally used for which purposes?
• Substances such as cocaine, amphetamines, meth, and alcohol primarily affect which neurotransmitter system?
• Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in mood, sleep, and appetite?
• How are dosages typically reported in pharmaceutical industry practice?
• Which of the following would be a primary reinforcer?
• A reinforcement schedule where reinforcement is delivered after a varying amount of time has passed is called?
• What is the Therapeutic Window?
• Which statement best describes ratio schedules?
• Melatonin production and sleep-wake cycle involve which daily cycle?
• Which is a criterion for Substance Dependence (older diagnosis)?
• What is the Sensation Seeking Personality Scale?
• In alcohol metabolism, acetaldehyde is converted to which substance?
• What percentage of people who smoke tobacco become addicted?
• What does drug administration describe in pharmacology?
• An antagonistic drug interaction is best described as what?
• If animal reproduction studies show adverse effects but there are no adequate human studies, this teratogen would be categorized as?
• What is a primary medical use for opiates?
• What characterizes continuous reinforcement?
• When drinking alcohol, the liver metabolizes Acetaldehyde into
• An antagonist is a molecule that ...
• What two other structures does the Supra-Chiasmatic Nucleus send signals to?
• What term describes the liquid in which a drug dissolves?
• When drinking alcohol, the liver metabolizes ethanol into
• Which statement about the SCN is true?
• Which statement about Schedule II drugs is NOT true?
• Where is the pineal gland located?
• Which schedule is defined by delivering reinforcement after a specified number of correct responses?
• 40% of attempts to quit smoking tobacco are successful.